Grade 8 / Korean Science 2 / MiraeN textbook, Chapter VI: Animals and Energy (Ⅵ. 동물과 에너지), Section 1: Digestion and Circulation (소화와 순환), Subsection 3: Structure and Function of the Circulatory System (순환계의 구조와 기능), textbook pages 212–217.
Student instructions: Choose one answer (A–E) for each multiple-choice question. Write brief, accurate answers to the short-answer questions. Do not use the answer keys until you have finished. Total: 120 multiple-choice questions and 20 short-answer questions.
Part A — Fundamental Review
A1. Multiple Choice — 100 questions
1] Which organ system transports materials around the body?
A) Nervous system
B) Skeletal system
C) Digestive system
D) Muscular system
E) Circulatory system
2] Which three things make up the circulatory system?
A) Brain, nerves, and muscles
B) Liver, teeth, and blood
C) Lungs, bones, and blood
D) Heart, stomach, and skin
E) Heart, blood vessels, and blood
3] What is a main job of the circulatory system?
A) Controlling body movements directly
B) Breaking food into smaller pieces
C) Making bones grow longer
D) Transporting substances between body parts
E) Producing all the body’s oxygen
4] What do body cells receive through blood circulation?
A) Bones and muscles
B) Bacteria and dust
C) Only carbon dioxide
D) Only waste products
E) Oxygen and nutrients
5] Which substances does circulating blood collect from active body cells?
A) Oxygen and sunlight
B) Air and water vapour from outside
C) Carbon dioxide and waste products
D) Only fresh nutrients
E) Only minerals from bones
6] What is the main pumping organ of the circulatory system?
A) Stomach
B) Heart
C) Kidney
D) Brain
E) Liver
7] What structures carry blood around the body?
A) Nerves
B) Muscles
C) Bones
D) Tendons
E) Blood vessels
8] What liquid moves through the blood vessels?
A) Saliva
B) Urine
C) Digestive juice
D) Sweat
E) Blood
9] Which material is delivered to cells for their life activities?
A) Bacteria
B) Oxygen
C) Blood platelets only
D) Carbon dioxide only
E) Urea only
10] Why must blood keep circulating?
A) Capillaries must become bones
B) Blood must become solid inside arteries
C) Cells continually need supplies and waste removal
D) The heart must digest food
E) Veins must produce oxygen
11] How many chambers does a normal human heart have?
A) Two
B) Three
C) One
D) Four
E) Five
12] How many atria are in the human heart?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) One
E) Five
13] How many ventricles are in the human heart?
A) Six
B) Two
C) Four
D) One
E) Three
14] Which chamber receives blood returning from the body?
A) Left ventricle
B) Left atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Right atrium
E) Aorta
15] Which chamber receives blood returning from the lungs?
A) Right atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Right ventricle
D) Left atrium
E) Vena cava
16] Which chamber pumps blood into the aorta?
A) Right atrium
B) Left atrium
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Right ventricle
E) Left ventricle
17] Which chamber pumps blood into the pulmonary artery?
A) Aorta
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Right atrium
E) Left ventricle
18] What is the main function of an atrium?
A) Exchange gases with the air
B) Form blood clots
C) Send blood directly to every body cell
D) Make blood cells
E) Receive blood entering the heart
19] What is the main function of a ventricle?
A) Remove bacteria from plasma
B) Pump blood out of the heart
C) Make red blood cells
D) Store digested food
E) Receive blood directly from every vein
20] After entering an atrium, where does blood normally go next?
A) A bone
B) The stomach
C) The ventricle on the same side
D) The opposite atrium
E) A tissue cell
21] Which heart chambers have thicker, stronger muscular walls?
A) Capillaries
B) Ventricles
C) Both atria only
D) Veins
E) Atria
22] Why are the ventricular walls more muscular than the atrial walls?
A) They collect urine
B) They make haemoglobin
C) They absorb nutrients from food
D) They must push blood into arteries forcefully
E) They exchange air with lungs
23] What prevents blood from flowing backward inside the heart?
A) Bones
B) Valves
C) Plasma water
D) Red blood cells
E) Nerves
24] Where is one location of heart valves?
A) Between an atrium and a ventricle
B) Inside every red blood cell
C) Between two bones
D) In the digestive tract
E) Inside body cells
25] Where else are heart valves found?
A) Inside the stomach
B) Inside the lungs’ air spaces
C) Between ventricles and arteries
D) Between plasma and platelets
E) Between two capillaries in the skin
26] What is the main purpose of a heart valve?
A) Turn veins into arteries
B) Keep blood moving in the correct direction
C) Increase the number of white blood cells
D) Make oxygen molecules
E) Digest proteins
27] What is the repeated contraction and relaxation of the heart called?
A) Absorption
B) Excretion
C) Digestion
D) Diffusion
E) Heartbeat
28] What happens when the heart muscle contracts?
A) It changes oxygen into iron
B) It helps push blood onward
C) It turns plasma into bone
D) It creates new veins instantly
E) It stops all blood circulation permanently
29] Which kind of vessel connects directly with an atrium?
A) A vein
B) A bone marrow cavity
C) A capillary only
D) A lymph node
E) An artery only
30] Which kind of vessel connects directly with a ventricle?
A) An artery
B) A nerve
C) A capillary only
D) A tendon
E) A sweat gland
31] Which is an upper chamber of the heart?
A) Aorta
B) Vena cava
C) Ventricle
D) Atrium
E) Capillary
32] Blood flows from the right atrium into which chamber?
A) Left ventricle
B) Left atrium
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Right ventricle
E) Aorta
33] Blood flows from the left atrium into which chamber?
A) Right atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Vena cava
D) Pulmonary artery
E) Right ventricle
34] What vessel receives blood leaving the right ventricle?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta
C) Body capillary
D) Vena cava
E) Pulmonary vein
35] What vessel receives blood leaving the left ventricle?
A) Pulmonary vein
B) Vena cava
C) Aorta
D) Right atrium
E) Body capillary
36] In which direction do arteries carry blood?
A) Backward through the heart
B) From skin to hair only
C) From bones to nerves only
D) Away from the heart
E) Toward the heart
37] In which direction do veins carry blood?
A) Away from the heart
B) Only toward the head
C) From arteries into bones
D) Only toward the lungs
E) Toward the heart
38] What vessels link arteries and veins?
A) Heart valves
B) Ventricles
C) Capillaries
D) Atria
E) Nerves
39] Which blood vessels have very thin walls that allow exchange?
A) Large veins only
B) Aorta only
C) Heart chambers
D) Large arteries only
E) Capillaries
40] Where does blood exchange materials with body cells?
A) In capillaries
B) Inside veins only
C) Inside a bone
D) Inside the aortic valve
E) Inside the atria only
41] Which blood vessels have thick and strongly elastic walls?
A) Heart valves
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Lymph vessels
E) Arteries
42] Compared with artery walls, vein walls are generally what?
A) Thinner and less elastic
B) Exactly the same in every way
C) Thicker and more elastic
D) Made mainly of red blood cells
E) Completely solid
43] Which blood vessels have valves that help prevent backflow?
A) All capillaries
B) Every artery
C) Veins
D) Every tissue cell
E) All red blood cells
44] Why must artery walls withstand relatively high pressure?
A) They stop the heart beating
B) They store digested food
C) Blood is pushed into them by the ventricles
D) They make carbon dioxide
E) They contain no liquid
45] A vessel carries blood directly away from the heart. What is it?
A) A vein
B) An artery
C) An atrium
D) A platelet
E) A capillary
46] A vessel carries blood back toward the heart. What is it?
A) A platelet
B) A red blood cell
C) An artery
D) A ventricle
E) A vein
47] A tiny vessel allows oxygen to pass from blood to nearby cells. What is it?
A) A capillary
B) A heart valve
C) A large artery
D) A ventricle
E) A vena cava
48] Which vessel type is best suited to blood at high pressure?
A) Capillary
B) Pulmonary vein only
C) Artery
D) White blood cell
E) Vein
49] Which vessels form widespread networks among body cells?
A) Vena cava only
B) Ventricles
C) Capillaries
D) Aorta only
E) Atria
50] Blood leaving a ventricle enters what type of vessel first?
A) An artery
B) A platelet
C) A capillary
D) A vein
E) An atrium
51] In general, what type of vessel carries blood after it passes through body capillaries?
A) A ventricle
B) A red blood cell
C) An artery
D) An atrium
E) A vein
52] Which sequence describes blood vessels in a body tissue?
A) Artery, capillary, vein
B) Vein, atrium, bone
C) Vein, artery, capillary
D) Artery, vein, heart valve
E) Capillary, ventricle, artery
53] Why are capillary walls especially thin?
A) To produce strong heartbeats
B) To store large amounts of food
C) To allow material exchange with surrounding cells
D) To create platelets
E) To prevent all movement of gases
54] Which one is NOT a type of blood vessel?
A) Vein
B) Capillary
C) Haemoglobin
D) Pulmonary vein
E) Artery
55] What is the role of valves in many veins?
A) Reduce backward flow of blood
B) Pump blood out of ventricles
C) Allow bones to move
D) Make blood turn red
E) Produce oxygen
56] Where can dissolved nutrients move from blood into tissues?
A) Across capillary walls
B) Inside a heart valve only
C) Inside the aorta’s muscle only
D) Across the skin surface only
E) Across thick bone tissue only
57] Which statement correctly describes a vein?
A) It is always thicker than an artery
B) It returns blood toward the heart
C) It always carries blood away from the heart
D) It contains only platelets
E) It is a chamber of the heart
58] Which structure pumps blood into an artery?
A) Plasma
B) Ventricle
C) Capillary
D) White blood cell
E) Atrium only
59] Which pair of vessel types is connected by capillaries?
A) Bones and nerves
B) Plasma and platelets
C) Atria and ventricles
D) Lungs and stomach
E) Arteries and veins
60] Which vessel type is most directly involved in exchanging wastes with cells?
A) Large vein only
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Large artery only
D) Aortic valve
E) Capillary
61] What are the two main components of blood?
A) Plasma and blood cells
B) Oxygen and nerves
C) Veins and arteries
D) Atria and ventricles
E) Water and bone
62] What is the liquid part of blood called?
A) Plasma
B) Platelet
C) White blood cell
D) Haemoglobin
E) Red blood cell
63] What is the collective name for the cellular components of blood?
A) Blood vessels
B) Nutrients
C) Blood cells
D) Heart valves
E) Body organs
64] What makes up most of blood plasma?
A) Water
B) Bone
C) Oxygen gas bubbles
D) Skin cells
E) Iron metal
65] Which blood component transports many dissolved nutrients?
A) Platelets only
B) Ventricular muscles
C) White blood cells only
D) Plasma
E) Heart valves
66] Which component transports dissolved carbon dioxide and wastes in the textbook’s description?
A) Hair
B) Heart valves
C) Plasma
D) Bones
E) Nerves
67] Which three types make up the blood cells described in the textbook?
A) Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen
B) Atria, ventricles, and valves
C) Plasma, arteries, and veins
D) Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
E) Lungs, liver, and kidneys
68] Which blood cells mainly transport oxygen?
A) White blood cells
B) Nerve cells
C) Platelets
D) Bone cells
E) Red blood cells
69] Which blood cells help protect the body against invading bacteria?
A) Plasma water alone
B) Platelets
C) Red blood cells
D) White blood cells
E) Muscle cells
70] Which blood component helps stop bleeding by clotting?
A) Aorta
B) Platelets
C) White blood cells
D) Red blood cells
E) Vena cava
71] Which blood cells are the most numerous of the three types?
A) None are present in blood
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) All three are equally numerous
E) Platelets
72] What shape best describes a typical human red blood cell?
A) A sharp crystal
B) A perfect cube
C) A long hollow tube
D) A disc with a depressed centre
E) A spiral spring
73] What is true about the nucleus of a mature human red blood cell?
A) Its nucleus pumps blood
B) It has several large nuclei
C) It has no nucleus
D) Its nucleus forms a heart valve
E) It has a nucleus larger than a white blood cell
74] What red pigment is found inside red blood cells?
A) Chlorophyll
B) Haemoglobin
C) Starch
D) Bile
E) Melanin
75] Why does blood normally appear red?
A) Platelets produce blue pigment
B) Plasma is made of red bones
C) Every blood vessel is painted red
D) White blood cells contain green dye
E) Red blood cells contain haemoglobin
76] Which type is the largest among the blood cells described?
A) White blood cell
B) Red blood cell
C) Platelet
D) Haemoglobin molecule
E) Plasma molecule
77] Which blood cell type normally has a nucleus?
A) Red blood cell
B) Platelet
C) Only a plasma molecule
D) All three lack nuclei
E) White blood cell
78] Which blood cell type can have an irregular shape and a nucleus?
A) Platelet
B) Red blood cell
C) Capillary
D) White blood cell
E) Ventricle
79] Which type is the smallest among the blood cells described?
A) Red blood cell
B) Ventricle
C) Platelet
D) Plasma
E) White blood cell
80] Which statement about platelets is correct?
A) They are the liquid part of blood
B) They are the largest blood cells
C) They pump blood through arteries
D) They have no nucleus
E) They carry most oxygen
81] A small cut stops bleeding after blood clots. Which component helps do this?
A) Platelets
B) Atria
C) Red blood cells alone
D) Pulmonary arteries
E) White blood cells alone
82] Which blood cells act against bacteria entering the body?
A) Aorta
B) Plasma water only
C) Platelets
D) White blood cells
E) Red blood cells
83] Which blood cells are suited mainly to supplying tissues with oxygen?
A) Liver cells
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) Skin cells
E) Platelets
84] What are the two main routes of human blood circulation?
A) Skin circulation and muscle circulation only
B) Systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation
C) Artery circulation and bone circulation
D) Digestive circulation and nerve circulation
E) Plasma circulation and food circulation
85] Where does systemic circulation begin?
A) Right ventricle
B) Left atrium
C) Left ventricle
D) Right atrium
E) Pulmonary vein
86] Where does systemic circulation end?
A) Right ventricle
B) Right atrium
C) Left atrium
D) Left ventricle
E) Aorta
87] Where does pulmonary circulation begin?
A) Left ventricle
B) Right ventricle
C) Vena cava
D) Right atrium
E) Left atrium
88] Where does pulmonary circulation end?
A) Left atrium
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Right atrium
D) Left ventricle
E) Right ventricle
89] Which large artery carries blood from the left ventricle to the body?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary vein
C) Coronary vein
D) Vena cava
E) Pulmonary artery
90] Which large vein returns blood from the body to the right atrium?
A) Pulmonary vein
B) Aorta
C) Vena cava
D) Capillary
E) Pulmonary artery
91] Which vessel carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
A) Body capillary
B) Aorta
C) Vena cava
D) Pulmonary vein
E) Pulmonary artery
92] Which vessel carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Body capillary
E) Vena cava
93] What does blood give to body tissue cells during systemic circulation?
A) Only bacteria
B) Only heart valves
C) Only carbon dioxide and waste
D) Oxygen and nutrients
E) Only platelets
94] What does blood receive from body tissue cells during systemic circulation?
A) Only red pigment
B) Only fresh oxygen and sunlight
C) Only nutrients from the lung air
D) Carbon dioxide and waste products
E) Only heart valves
95] Which gas does blood release in the lungs?
A) Helium
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Hydrogen
E) Nitrogen made by the heart
96] Which gas does blood take up in the lungs?
A) Helium
B) Methane
C) Oxygen
D) Carbon dioxide only
E) Neon
97] Which route correctly describes blood travelling through the lungs?
A) Right ventricle to pulmonary vein to lung capillaries to aorta
B) Left ventricle to aorta to body capillaries to vena cava to right atrium
C) Left atrium to pulmonary artery to body capillaries to right atrium
D) Right atrium to aorta to lung capillaries to left ventricle
E) Right ventricle to pulmonary artery to lung capillaries to pulmonary vein to left atrium
98] Which route correctly describes blood travelling through the body?
A) Left ventricle to pulmonary vein to lung capillaries to right atrium
B) Right atrium to aorta to body capillaries to left ventricle
C) Right ventricle to pulmonary artery to lung capillaries to pulmonary vein to left atrium
D) Left ventricle to aorta to body capillaries to vena cava to right atrium
E) Left atrium to vena cava to body capillaries to aorta
99] During one complete trip through the body and lungs, how many times does blood pass through the heart?
A) Four times
B) Once
C) Three times
D) Twice
E) Never
100] Which chamber receives blood after it returns from the body’s tissues?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Right atrium
C) Left atrium
D) Right ventricle
E) Left ventricle
A2. Short Answer — 15 questions
1] Name the three main parts of the circulatory system.
Answer: _______________________________________________
2] State the main function of the circulatory system.
Answer: _______________________________________________
3] Name the four chambers of the heart.
Answer: _______________________________________________
4] What is the main function of the atria?
Answer: _______________________________________________
5] What is the main function of the ventricles?
Answer: _______________________________________________
6] Why are ventricular walls thicker than atrial walls?
Answer: _______________________________________________
7] What is the function of valves in the heart?
Answer: _______________________________________________
8] State the direction of blood flow in an artery.
Answer: _______________________________________________
9] State the direction of blood flow in a vein.
Answer: _______________________________________________
10] Why do capillaries have very thin walls?
Answer: _______________________________________________
11] Name the liquid part of blood and its main ingredient.
Answer: _______________________________________________
12] Name the three types of blood cells and one function of each.
Answer: _______________________________________________
13] What is haemoglobin and where is it found?
Answer: _______________________________________________
14] Which gas is taken into blood in the lungs, and which gas is released?
Answer: _______________________________________________
15] Write the route of systemic circulation, starting and ending with heart chambers.
Answer: _______________________________________________
Part B — Critical Exam Concepts
These items target high-risk errors: direction of blood flow, heart-chamber order, pulmonary versus systemic circulation, gas exchange and differences between blood cells.
B1. Multiple Choice — 20 questions
1] A vessel carries blood low in oxygen away from the heart and toward the lungs. Which vessel is it?
A) Vena cava
B) Body capillary
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Pulmonary artery
E) Aorta
2] A vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the heart. Which vessel is it?
A) Vena cava
B) Pulmonary vein
C) Pulmonary artery
D) Body artery
E) Aorta
3] Which statement is correct even when blood in an artery has little oxygen?
A) An artery is defined by blood flowing away from the heart
B) Every artery returns blood to an atrium
C) Arteries are the thinnest exchange vessels
D) Arteries contain valves like the veins in the diagram
E) All arteries contain more oxygen than veins
4] Which complete pathway is systemic circulation?
A) Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lung capillaries, pulmonary vein, left atrium
B) Left ventricle, vena cava, body capillaries, aorta, right atrium
C) Left ventricle, aorta, body capillaries, vena cava, right atrium
D) Right atrium, aorta, body capillaries, pulmonary vein, left ventricle
E) Left atrium, pulmonary vein, lungs, pulmonary artery, right ventricle
5] Which complete pathway is pulmonary circulation?
A) Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lung capillaries, pulmonary vein, left atrium
B) Left ventricle, aorta, body capillaries, vena cava, right atrium
C) Right atrium, pulmonary vein, lung capillaries, aorta, left ventricle
D) Right ventricle, pulmonary vein, lung capillaries, pulmonary artery, left atrium
E) Left atrium, aorta, body capillaries, vena cava, right atrium
6] Which sequence correctly follows blood from the right atrium until it leaves the heart again for the body?
A) Right atrium, right ventricle, vena cava, lungs, right atrium
B) Right atrium, aorta, lungs, left atrium, vena cava
C) Right atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right ventricle, aorta
D) Right atrium, left atrium, body capillaries, aorta
E) Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
7] A valve between an atrium and a ventricle does not close properly. What becomes more likely?
A) The aorta changes into a vein
B) Red blood cells gain nuclei
C) Capillaries become thicker immediately
D) All plasma disappears
E) Blood can flow backward toward the atrium
8] Valves in a leg vein stop working properly. Which problem are they meant to prevent?
A) Blood moving away from the heart in arteries
B) Backward flow of blood
C) Platelets forming a clot at a cut
D) White blood cells attacking bacteria
E) Oxygen crossing a capillary wall
9] A body capillary wall becomes much thicker. Which process would most directly become harder?
A) Formation of the four heart chambers
B) Pumping blood out of the aorta
C) Exchange of substances between blood and tissue cells
D) Movement of a heart valve
E) Production of oxygen by the lungs
10] The left ventricle cannot pump blood normally. Which route is affected most directly at its start?
A) Pulmonary circulation through the pulmonary artery
B) Blood entering the left atrium through the pulmonary vein only
C) Blood entering the right atrium from the vena cava only
D) Systemic circulation through the aorta
E) Blood passing from the right atrium to the right ventricle only
11] The right ventricle cannot pump blood normally. Which route is affected most directly at its start?
A) Pulmonary circulation through the pulmonary artery
B) Systemic circulation through the aorta
C) Blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary vein only
D) Blood passing through the left atrium to the left ventricle only
E) Blood entering the right atrium through the vena cava only
12] If a person has too few functioning red blood cells, which function is most directly reduced?
A) Pumping by ventricles
B) Protection against invading bacteria
C) Transport of oxygen to body tissues
D) Blood clotting by platelets
E) Prevention of backflow by valves
13] If white blood cells cannot work normally, which job is most directly affected?
A) Closing heart valves
B) Preventing reverse flow in veins
C) Pumping blood through the aorta
D) Protecting the body from invading bacteria
E) Carrying most oxygen to cells
14] If a person has too few functioning platelets, which problem is most directly expected?
A) Bleeding may take longer to stop
B) Red blood cells will acquire nuclei
C) Oxygen will no longer enter the lungs
D) Arteries will carry blood toward the heart
E) The left atrium will become a ventricle
15] Which statement distinguishes plasma from red blood cells correctly?
A) Plasma and red blood cells are both blood vessels
B) Plasma is only for clotting while red blood cells attack bacteria
C) Plasma is a heart chamber while red blood cells are valves
D) Plasma is the liquid portion while red blood cells are cellular components
E) Plasma contains no water while red blood cells are mostly water
16] Which comparison of blood cell nuclei is correct in the textbook?
A) Red blood cells have nuclei but white blood cells do not
B) None of the three have nuclei
C) All three have large nuclei
D) White blood cells have nuclei but mature red blood cells and platelets do not
E) Platelets have nuclei but white blood cells do not
17] After blood passes the body’s tissue capillaries, which change is expected?
A) It has become entirely plasma
B) It has collected oxygen from tissue cells and released carbon dioxide to them
C) It has completed gas exchange with the lungs
D) It has moved from the vena cava into the aorta
E) It has given up oxygen and collected carbon dioxide
18] What happens to blood as it flows through lung capillaries?
A) It releases carbon dioxide and takes in oxygen
B) It turns into digestive fluid
C) It stops moving until new blood cells form
D) It gives nutrients directly to all body tissues
E) It releases oxygen and takes in carbon dioxide from air
19] A student says the pulmonary artery must carry oxygen-rich blood because it is an artery. What is the error?
A) The pulmonary artery actually carries blood toward the right ventricle
B) Artery means away from the heart, not necessarily oxygen-rich
C) The pulmonary artery is a type of vein
D) The pulmonary artery connects the lungs directly to the left atrium
E) Every artery carries exactly the same amount of oxygen
20] Blood has just returned from the lungs. Which heart chamber does it enter before any ventricle?
A) Right atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Aorta
D) Right ventricle
E) Left atrium
B2. Short Answer — 5 questions
1] A blood vessel travels from the heart to the lungs. Explain why it is an artery even though its blood is relatively low in oxygen.
Answer: _______________________________________________
2] Write the full pulmonary circulation route and identify where gas exchange happens.
Answer: _______________________________________________
3] A student says the left atrium sends blood directly into the aorta. Correct the statement.
Answer: _______________________________________________
4] Compare the functions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, including which of them has a nucleus.
Answer: _______________________________________________
5] Trace blood from the vena cava through the lungs until it reaches the aorta. Include all four heart chambers in order.
Answer: _______________________________________________
Glossary — English – Korean
Technical vocabulary for an intermediate English-language learner. Korean terms follow the textbook where available.
Circulatory system – 순환계
Structure – 구조
Function – 기능
Heart – 심장
Blood vessel – 혈관
Blood – 혈액
Chamber (of the heart) – 심장의 방 또는 심방·심실을 가리키는 공간
Atrium (plural: atria) – 심방
Right atrium – 우심방
Left atrium – 좌심방
Ventricle – 심실
Right ventricle – 우심실
Left ventricle – 좌심실
Heart valve – 판막
Heartbeat – 심장 박동
Contract / contraction – 수축하다 / 수축
Relax / relaxation – 이완하다 / 이완
Pump (verb) – 펌프처럼 밀어 내다
Artery – 동맥
Vein – 정맥
Capillary – 모세혈관
Capillary wall – 모세혈관 벽
Blood vessel wall – 혈관벽
Elastic / elasticity – 탄력이 있는 / 탄력
Pressure – 압력
Backflow – 역류 또는 거꾸로 흐름
Aorta – 대동맥
Vena cava – 대정맥
Pulmonary artery – 폐동맥
Pulmonary vein – 폐정맥
Lung – 허파(폐)
Tissue – 조직
Tissue cell – 조직세포
Material exchange – 물질 교환
Oxygen – 산소
Carbon dioxide – 이산화 탄소
Nutrient – 영양소
Waste product – 노폐물
Transport (verb) – 운반하다
Supply (verb) – 공급하다
Receive (verb) – 받아들이다
Return (verb) – 되돌아오다
Plasma – 혈장
Blood cell – 혈구
Red blood cell – 적혈구
White blood cell – 백혈구
Platelet – 혈소판
Haemoglobin (hemoglobin) – 헤모글로빈
Red pigment – 붉은색 색소
Nucleus (cell) – 핵
Blood clotting – 혈액응고
Bleeding – 출혈
Protect / protection – 보호하다 / 보호
Bacteria – 세균
Systemic circulation – 온몸순환
Pulmonary circulation – 허파순환
Circulation pathway – 순환 경로
Oxygen-rich blood – 산소를 많이 포함한 혈액
Oxygen-poor blood – 산소를 적게 포함한 혈액
Double circulation – 심장을 두 번 거치는 혈액 순환 방식
Answer Keys — Check After Completing the Test
Part A1 — 100 Multiple-Choice Answers
1] E — Circulatory system
2] E — Heart, blood vessels, and blood
3] D — Transporting substances between body parts
4] E — Oxygen and nutrients
5] C — Carbon dioxide and waste products
6] B — Heart
7] E — Blood vessels
8] E — Blood
9] B — Oxygen
10] C — Cells continually need supplies and waste removal
11] D — Four
12] A — Two
13] B — Two
14] D — Right atrium
15] D — Left atrium
16] E — Left ventricle
17] B — Right ventricle
18] E — Receive blood entering the heart
19] B — Pump blood out of the heart
20] C — The ventricle on the same side
21] B — Ventricles
22] D — They must push blood into arteries forcefully
23] B — Valves
24] A — Between an atrium and a ventricle
25] C — Between ventricles and arteries
26] B — Keep blood moving in the correct direction
27] E — Heartbeat
28] B — It helps push blood onward
29] A — A vein
30] A — An artery
31] D — Atrium
32] D — Right ventricle
33] B — Left ventricle
34] A — Pulmonary artery
35] C — Aorta
36] D — Away from the heart
37] E — Toward the heart
38] C — Capillaries
39] E — Capillaries
40] A — In capillaries
41] E — Arteries
42] A — Thinner and less elastic
43] C — Veins
44] C — Blood is pushed into them by the ventricles
45] B — An artery
46] E — A vein
47] A — A capillary
48] C — Artery
49] C — Capillaries
50] A — An artery
51] E — A vein
52] A — Artery, capillary, vein
53] C — To allow material exchange with surrounding cells
54] C — Haemoglobin
55] A — Reduce backward flow of blood
56] A — Across capillary walls
57] B — It returns blood toward the heart
58] B — Ventricle
59] E — Arteries and veins
60] E — Capillary
61] A — Plasma and blood cells
62] A — Plasma
63] C — Blood cells
64] A — Water
65] D — Plasma
66] C — Plasma
67] D — Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
68] E — Red blood cells
69] D — White blood cells
70] B — Platelets
71] B — Red blood cells
72] D — A disc with a depressed centre
73] C — It has no nucleus
74] B — Haemoglobin
75] E — Red blood cells contain haemoglobin
76] A — White blood cell
77] E — White blood cell
78] D — White blood cell
79] C — Platelet
80] D — They have no nucleus
81] A — Platelets
82] D — White blood cells
83] B — Red blood cells
84] B — Systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation
85] C — Left ventricle
86] B — Right atrium
87] B — Right ventricle
88] A — Left atrium
89] A — Aorta
90] C — Vena cava
91] E — Pulmonary artery
92] C — Pulmonary vein
93] D — Oxygen and nutrients
94] D — Carbon dioxide and waste products
95] C — Carbon dioxide
96] C — Oxygen
97] E — Right ventricle to pulmonary artery to lung capillaries to pulmonary vein to left atrium
98] D — Left ventricle to aorta to body capillaries to vena cava to right atrium
99] D — Twice
100] B — Right atrium
Part A2 — 15 Short-Answer Model Answers
1] Heart, blood vessels, and blood.
2] It transports useful substances to body cells and carries carbon dioxide and wastes away.
3] Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
4] They receive blood returning to the heart.
5] They pump blood out of the heart into arteries.
6] Ventricles must contract strongly to push blood into arteries.
7] They prevent blood from flowing backward.
8] Away from the heart.
9] Toward the heart.
10] To allow substances to pass between blood and nearby tissue cells.
11] Plasma; it is mostly water.
12] Red blood cells carry oxygen; white blood cells protect against bacteria; platelets help blood clot.
13] It is a red pigment found inside red blood cells.
14] Oxygen is taken in; carbon dioxide is released.
15] Left ventricle → aorta → body capillaries → vena cava → right atrium.
Part B1 — 20 Multiple-Choice Answers
1] D — Pulmonary artery
2] B — Pulmonary vein
3] A — An artery is defined by blood flowing away from the heart
4] C — Left ventricle, aorta, body capillaries, vena cava, right atrium
5] A — Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lung capillaries, pulmonary vein, left atrium
6] E — Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
7] E — Blood can flow backward toward the atrium
8] B — Backward flow of blood
9] C — Exchange of substances between blood and tissue cells
10] D — Systemic circulation through the aorta
11] A — Pulmonary circulation through the pulmonary artery
12] C — Transport of oxygen to body tissues
13] D — Protecting the body from invading bacteria
14] A — Bleeding may take longer to stop
15] D — Plasma is the liquid portion while red blood cells are cellular components
16] D — White blood cells have nuclei but mature red blood cells and platelets do not
17] E — It has given up oxygen and collected carbon dioxide
18] A — It releases carbon dioxide and takes in oxygen
19] B — Artery means away from the heart, not necessarily oxygen-rich
20] E — Left atrium
Part B2 — 5 Short-Answer Model Answers
1] It is the pulmonary artery. An artery is defined by carrying blood away from the heart, not by the oxygen content.
2] Right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lung capillaries → pulmonary vein → left atrium. Gas exchange happens at the lung capillaries.
3] The left atrium sends blood into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps it into the aorta.
4] Red blood cells transport oxygen and have no nucleus; white blood cells protect against bacteria and have a nucleus; platelets help clot blood and have no nucleus.
5] Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lung capillaries → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta.
Teacher note: Accept equivalent scientifically correct wording. The questions are based on the textbook explanation and diagrams on pages 212–217, not on supplementary AED material on page 218.
